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Jazan is the smallest province of Saudi Arabia. It stretches some 300 km along the southern Red Sea coast, just north of Yemen. It covers an area of 11,671 km² and a population of 1,186,139 (2004 census). The capital is the city of Jazan. The province includes over 100 islands in the Red Sea. The Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia's first protected area, are home to the endangered Arabian gazelle and, in winter, migratory birds from Europe. HRH Muhammad bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz is the Governor. Jazan Economic City Polytechnic is located at the southern end of the city.
It is stated that Jazan region contains Thamudic signs dating back to 8000 BC. It was known as Al-Mekhlaf Al-Suleimani in reference to Prince/ Suleiman bin Taraf Al-Hakami, who lived in the 2nd half of the 4th H.C. It has gone through many phases in the Prophetic Era to the Power Age by the end of the Abbasid State. In addition, it is privileged with a major economic status and lies on a strategic nature characterized with plenty advantages, notably:
- First: It lies on the eastern shore of the Red Sea plains before Africa eastern shores. This strategic location has enhanced commercial relations with this continent for three thousand years.
- Second: Jazan plains and mountains form a link between north Hejaz and south Yemen.
- Third: Around 10 natural ports lie on Jazan's seashore with fertility of lands and abundance of water. Over 19 valleys fall over the tops of SarawatMountains to the Red Sea.
God endowed Jazan with natural potentialities, climatic environmental diversity, and touristic characteristics. Due to its strategic constituent, it represents a touristic attractive center all over the year. In East Jazan, the mountains altitudes extend to about 3500 m. In addition It is noted with a beautiful evergreen nature and a moderate climate in summer. Moreover, magic vales and over 19 valleys flow in this region, like (Bish, Sabia, Khalab, Nakhlan, Wesa', Shahdan, Lajab, Quora, Reem, Al-Dahan).
These valleys represent attractive screens thanks to the diversity of environments and variety of plants. Its plains are noted for the production of coffee beans, grain crops, like (wheat and barley); fruits, such as (apples, bananas, grapes, peaches, and especially mangoes).
Jazan grows and produces 132 types of mangoes, 32 of which gave amazing production results, surpassing the mangoes production grown in their original grounds in terms of quality and quantity.
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